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IT DEPENDS ON WHAT YOU WANT TO SPRAY AND ONCE YOU KNOW THAT THEN YOU WILL KNOW WHETHER YOU NEED A DIAPHRAGM PUMP OR A PISTON PUMP SPRAY.
IF YOU CONSIDER A PISTON PUMP YOU HAVE TO KNOW ABOUT DEADBAND WHICH IS SOMETHING THAT DIAPHRAGM USERS CAN IGNORE.
Dead band is the pressure range between which a pump stops and starts supplying paint to the gun. It is a characteristic of all PISTON PUMP paint sprayers. Take the example of a piston pump operating at 3,000 PSI designed to have a 500 PSI dead band. At one point, the pump will turn on and pump material into the line until line pressure reaches 3,000 PSI; then the pump will turn off. Even though the pump is now off, the line remains charged and ready to spray material. When the gun is triggered, the line pressure drops to the spraying pressure of, say, 2,000 PSI. The line pressure will then drop further to 1,500 PSI, the pump will turn on again until line pressure once more reaches 2,000 PSI. The process will repeat itself, cycling between 1,500 PSI and 2,000 PSI while the gun is triggered. This 500 PSI is the dead band.
What about diaphragm pumps?Because diaphragm pumps run continuously, they supply material at an almost constant pressure. There is virtually no noticeable dead band with diaphragm pumps. You set the pressure you need to atomize your coating and that's the pressure you get.
If the dead band is too large, it causes thephenomenon known as winking. The line pressure drops too far before the pump turns on to compensate, and the result is that the sprayed fan width fluctuates--or winks.
Sometimes dead band is just there and doesn't really make a difference; at other times, especially when spraying thin coatings, dead band can be a real problem causing tails, winking, and poor atomization.
In the piston pump example above, a painter could spray standard latex paint without any problem. At full pressure (2,000 PSI), latex will atomize well; at 1,500 PSI, the other end of the dead band, latex will still atomize satisfactorily. But if that painter switches to a thin coating such as a lacquer, he is dealing with a different situation. Lacquers typically atomize at around 800 PSI. To spray it at 2,000 PSI is somewhat equivalent to cracking a peanut with a 20-pound hammer; it's simply too much force. In addition to potentially being applied too heavily, the lacquer will bounce back, contaminate the air, and waste a lot of material.
The solution to this problem is to reduce the atomizing pressure of the sprayer. As the painter dials down to optimum pressure for atomizing lacquer (around 800 PSI), he encounters another problem. The system is now fully pressurized at 800 PSI, so the pump turns off. But because the dead band is 500 PSI, the pump doesn't turn on again until the line pressure is down to 300 PSI. The result, again, is tails, spitting, and unacceptable atomization.
At this point, the painter needs to reduce the dead band, which he cannot do because it is part of the pump design. In essence, he has to live with the situation.
He can, however, switch to a diaphragm pump. Remember, diaphragm pumps run continuously and have practically no dead band. They can, therefore, atomize coatings at lower pressures, reduce bounce back and increase transfer efficiency. In the end, the job will go faster and the painter will save material.
Bottom line: if a painter sprays a lot of thin coatings, he needs a sprayer that will atomize coatings at a lower PSI--typically, a diaphragm pump. If he chooses a piston pump for this service, he needs to make sure that the manufacturer somehow compensates for the pump's dead band. The better solution is a diaphragm pump. On average, a diaphragm pump will spray thin coatings more evenly and consistently than any piston pump
SO WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO SPRAY?
WALT D
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